BLACK DOG
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group consisted of vocalista Robert Plant,
guitarist Jimmy Page,
bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham.
With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are regularly cited as one of the
progenitors of heavy metal,
although their style drew from a variety of influences, including blues and folk music.
The band have been credited with majorly impacting the nature of the music
industry, particularly in the development of album-orientated rock (AOR) and stadium rock.
Many critics consider Led Zeppelin one of the most successful, innovative, and
influential rock groups in history.
After changing their name from the New
Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin signed a deal with Atlantic Records that afforded them considerable artistic freedom. Although the group
were initially unpopular with critics, they achieved significant commercial
success with eight studio albums released over ten years, from Led
Zeppelin (1969) to In
Through the Out Door (1979). Their untitled
fourth studio album, commonly known as Led Zeppelin IV (1971), became one of the best-selling albums in history. It
featured the song "Stairway
to Heaven", which has come to be among the most
popular and influential works in rock music, and helped to secure the group's
popularity.
Page wrote most of Led Zeppelin's music,
particularly early in their career, while Plant generally supplied the lyrics.
Jones's keyboard-based compositions later became central to the group's
catalogue, which featured increasing experimentation. The latter half of their
career saw a series of record-breaking
tours that earned the group a reputation
for excess and debauchery. Although they remained commercially and critically
successful, their output and touring schedule were limited during the late
1970s, and the group disbanded following Bonham's death from alcohol-related
asphyxia in 1980. In the decades that followed, the former members sporadically
collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions. The most
successful of these was the 2007 Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert in
London, with Bonham's son Jason
Bonham on drums.
Led Zeppelin are one of the best-selling music artists of all time;
various sources estimate the group's record sales at 200 to 300 million units
worldwide. With RIAA-certified
sales of 111.5 million units, they are the third-best-selling band and
fifth-best-selling act in the US. They
achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums, and each of their nine studio
albums placed in the top 10 of the Billboard
album chart and six reached the number-one spot.
Rolling Stone magazine described them as "the heaviest band of all
time", "the biggest band of the Seventies", and
"unquestionably one of the most enduring bands in rock history". They
were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995; the
museum's biography of the band states that they were "as influential"
during the 1970s as the
Beatles were during the 1960s.
"Black Dog" is a song by English
rock band Led Zeppelin,
the opening track on their fourth
album (1971). The song was released as a single
and reached the charts in several countries; however, as was their practice, it
was not issued in the United Kingdom. The song was included in Rolling Stone's
(US) "the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time" and ranked No. 1 in Q magazine's (UK) "20 Greatest Guitar Tracks".
"Black Dog" is built around a call and response dynamic between the vocalist and band, with its start and stop a cappella verses inspired by Fleetwood
Mac's 1969 song "Oh Well",
according to biographer Dave Lewis. The title is a reference to a nameless
black Labrador
Retriever that wandered around the Headley Grange studios during recording.
John Paul Jones, who is credited with writing
the main riff, was inspired by Muddy
Waters' controversial 1968 album Electric Mud.
He added a winding riff and complex rhythm changes, that biographer Keith
Shadwick describes as a "clever pattern that turns back on itself more
than once, crossing between time signatures as it does." The group had a
difficult time with the turnaround,
but John Bonham's
solution was to play it straight through as if there was no turnaround. In live
performances, Bonham eliminated the variation so that Plant could perform his a
cappella vocal interludes and then have the instruments return at the
proper time. For his guitar parts, Page used a Gibson Les Paul to record multiple overdubs.
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